A batarala obere ihe eji egwu mmiri Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) na PDC n'ahịa ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ. N'ime ogologo oge a, ihe eji egwu mmiri PDC na ihe eji egwu mmiri PDC enwetala ọtụtụ nsogbu n'oge mbụ ha, ha enwetawokwa nnukwu mmepe. Nwayọọ nwayọọ mana n'ikpeazụ, obere ihe eji egwu mmiri PDC jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie obere ihe eji egwu mmiri cone na mmezi na-aga n'ihu na ihe eji egwu mmiri PDC, nkwụsi ike bit, na nhazi hydraulic bit. Obere ihe eji egwu mmiri PDC ugbu a nwere ihe karịrị 90% nke mkpokọta ihe eji egwu mmiri n'ụwa.
General Electric (GE) bu ụzọ mepụta PDC Cutter na 1971. Emere PDC Cutters mbụ maka ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na gas na 1973, site na nnwale afọ atọ na nnwale ubi, ewepụtara ya n'ahịa na 1976 mgbe egosipụtara na ọ dị irè karịa ịgbaji bọtịnụ carbide.
N'oge mbụ, nhazi ihe eji akwọ ihe PDC dị ka nke a: ọnụ gburugburu nke carbide, (dayameta 8.38mm, ọkpụrụkpụ 2.8mm), na oyi akwa dayamọnd (ọkpụrụkpụ 0.5mm na-enweghị chamfer n'elu). N'oge ahụ, e nwekwara ihe eji akwọ ihe Compax "slug system" PDC. Nhazi nke ihe eji akwọ ihe a dị ka nke a: ihe eji akwọ ihe PDC compax na ihe eji akwọ ihe carbide simenti ka o wee dịrị mfe itinye ya na ihe eji akwọ ihe ígwè, si otú a na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe nye onye na-emepụta ihe eji akwọ ihe.
Na 1973, GE anwalela obere PDC mbụ ya n'olulu mmiri dị na mpaghara King Ranch nke ndịda Texas. N'oge nnwale ahụ, a na-ewere nsogbu nhicha nke obere ahụ dị ka ihe dị adị. Ezé atọ dara na nkwonkwo brazed, ezé abụọ ndị ọzọ gbawara ọnụ na akụkụ tungsten carbide. Mgbe e mesịrị, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwalere obere ihe mgbapụ nke abụọ na mpaghara Hudson nke Colorado. Obere ihe mgbapụ a emeela ka usoro hydraulic dịkwuo mma maka nsogbu nhicha. Obere ihe mgbapụ ahụ enwetala arụmọrụ ka mma na nhazi sandstone-shale na ọsọ ịgbapụ ngwa ngwa. Mana enwere ọtụtụ ọdịiche site na ụzọ borehole a haziri n'oge ịgbapụ, obere ihe mgbapụ PDC ka furu efu n'ihi njikọ brazing.
N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1974, a nwalere obere ihe nke atọ a na-egwupụta n'ógbè San Juan nke Utah, USA. Obere ihe a emeela ka nhazi ezé na ọdịdị obere ihe dịkwuo mma. Obere ihe ahụ gbanwere obere ihe ndị dị n'ime olulu mmiri dị n'akụkụ ya, mana obere ihe ahụ dara ada, obere ihe ahụ mebiri emebi. N'oge ahụ, a na-ewere ya na ọ na-eme nso njedebe nke igwu mmiri maka ihe siri ike, ma ọ bụ nsogbu nke obere ihe ahụ dara ada kpatara.
Site na 1974 ruo 1976, ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche na ndị ọchụnta ego nyochara ọtụtụ mmezi na PDC cutter. Ọtụtụ nsogbu ndị dị ugbu a lekwasịrị anya na nyocha. E tinyere nsonaazụ nyocha ndị dị otú ahụ n'ime ezé Stratapax PDC, nke GE wepụtara na Disemba 1976.
Mgbanwe aha site na Compax gaa Stratapax nyere aka iwepụ mgbagwoju anya dị n'etiti bits na tungsten carbide compacts, na diamond Compax.
N'etiti afọ 1990, ndị mmadụ malitere iji teknụzụ chamfering eme ihe nke ukwuu na ezé ịkpụ PDC, e ji teknụzụ multi-chamfer mee ihe n'ụdị patent na 1995. Ọ bụrụ na etinyere teknụzụ chamfering nke ọma, ike ịgbaji nke ezé ịkpụ PDC nwere ike ịbawanye site na 100%.
N'afọ 1980, ma GE Company (USA) ma Sumitomo Company (Japan) nyochachara mwepụ nke cobalt n'elu ezé PDC iji melite arụmọrụ ọrụ nke ezé. Mana ha enwetaghị ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa. Hycalog (USA) mechara mepụta teknụzụ ma nweta patent. E gosipụtara na ọ bụrụ na enwere ike iwepụ ihe ígwè ahụ na oghere ọka, a ga-eme ka ezé PDC kwụsie ike nke ọma ka obere ahụ wee nwee ike igwu nke ọma n'ụdị siri ike na nke na-emebi emebi. Teknụzụ mwepụ cobalt a na-eme ka iguzogide iyi nke ezé PDC dịkwuo mma na ụdị nkume siri ike nke na-emebi emebi ma na-eme ka ngwa PDC bits dịkwuo elu.
Malite n'afọ 2000, ojiji nke bits PDC agbasaala ngwa ngwa. Ụdị ndị a na-enweghị ike iji bits PDC gwuo egwu ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ nweta ike igwu ihe ndị a na-anaghị eji PDC gwuo egwu n'ụzọ akụ na ụba na ntụkwasị obi.
Ruo afọ 2004, n'ụlọ ọrụ igwe egwu mmiri, ego ahịa nke igwe egwu mmiri PDC ruru ihe dị ka 50%, ebe anya ọgwu mmiri ruru ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 60%. Uto a ka na-aga n'ihu ruo taa. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ngwa egwu mmiri niile a na-eji ugbu a na North America bụ igwe egwu mmiri PDC.
Na nkenke, kemgbe e wepụtara ya n'afọ 1970 ma nwee ọganihu dị nwayọ nwayọ, ndị na-egbutu PDC ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ kwalite mmepe na-aga n'ihu nke ụlọ ọrụ na-egwu olulu maka nchọpụta na igwu mmanụ na gas. Mmetụta nke teknụzụ PDC na ụlọ ọrụ igwu olulu dị oke ukwuu.
Ndị ọhụrụ batara n'ahịa nke ezé ịkpụcha PDC dị elu, yana ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-egwupụta ihe, na-aga n'ihu na-eduzi mgbanwe na imepụta ihe ọhụrụ nke ihe ọhụrụ na usoro mmepụta ka arụmọrụ nke ezé ịkpụcha PDC na obere ihe ndọba PDC wee nwee ike ịbawanye mma mgbe niile.
Oge ozi: Eprel-07-2023